Introduction

Transdermal drug delivery systems, sometimes referred to as transdermal therapeutic systems, are a class of medications in which the drug is absorbed into the body's circulation through capillaries after passing through the skin at a specific rate. The application of transdermal drug delivery is simple and convenient, and it can make drugs continuously diffuse through the skin, penetrate, and absorb into the blood circulation, keep blood concentration stable for a long time, avoid the damaging effects of the liver and gastrointestinal enzymes on drugs, improve the bioavailability of drugs, reduce the frequency of drugs, and lessen individual differences in absorption and metabolism.

Transdermal drug delivery systems can be categorized into reservoir and skeleton types based on their different structural forms. Reservoir-type transdermal drug delivery systems are those in which the drug is wrapped into a reservoir by a controlled-release membrane or other controlled-release material, and the rate of drug release is controlled by the nature of the membrane or controlled-release material. Skeletal-type transdermal absorption formulations are those in which the drug is dissolved or homogeneously dispersed in a polymer valuation material, and the release rate of the drug is controlled by the skeleton material. Reservoir-type transdermal drug delivery systems are those in which the drug or transdermal absorption enhancer is encapsulated into a reservoir by a controlled-release membrane or other controlled-release material, and the nature of the controlled-release membrane or controlled-release material controls the rate of drug release.

Subtypes

Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives (PSAs)

PSAs are commonly used in transdermal patches to adhere the patch to the skin. These materials offer excellent adhesion properties, allowing the patch to remain in place during daily activities. They are designed to have a balance between adhesive strength and ease of removal, ensuring patient comfort and convenience.

Polymer Matrices

Polymer matrices are utilized in transdermal patches and films to provide a controlled release of the drug. These materials can be formulated as monolithic systems or reservoir systems, where the drug is dispersed within the polymer matrix. They offer advantages such as tunable release kinetics, stability, and the ability to accommodate a wide range of drug molecules.

Permeation Enhancers

Permeation enhancers are substances that improve the penetration of drugs through the skin. These materials can modify the skin barrier properties, enhancing drug absorption. Examples of permeation enhancers include fatty acids, terpenes, and surfactants. They are often incorporated into transdermal formulations to improve drug permeation without compromising skin integrity.

Backing Films and Release Liners

Backing films and release liners are essential components of transdermal patches. Backing films provide structural support and protect the drug reservoir, while release liners are temporary protective layers that are removed before application. These materials are selected based on their flexibility, impermeability to moisture and oxygen, and ease of application.

Applications

Pain Management

Transdermal drug delivery systems are widely used for pain management, providing controlled and prolonged release of analgesic medications. These systems offer a non-invasive and convenient alternative to oral administration, allowing for continuous pain relief over an extended period.

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Transdermal patches are commonly employed for hormone replacement therapy, delivering hormones such as estrogen and testosterone. They provide a steady release of hormones, mimicking the natural hormone levels in the body and offering a convenient method for hormone administration.

Cardiovascular Disorders

Transdermal drug delivery systems are utilized for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, delivering medications such as nitroglycerin and beta-blockers. These systems ensure a controlled release of the drug, maintaining therapeutic levels and improving patient compliance.

Smoking Cessation

Transdermal nicotine patches are extensively used for smoking cessation programs. These patches deliver nicotine through the skin, reducing withdrawal symptoms and cravings associated with smoking cessation.

Conclusion

Transdermal drug delivery system materials play a vital role in enabling effective and convenient drug delivery through the skin. Partnering with Protheragen-ING, a reputable supplier, ensures the availability of high-quality excipients and supports the development of stable and efficacious pharmaceutical products. If you have any excipient requirements, please contact us by phone or email, and we will respond within 2-4 working days.